And their chance of getting any cancer at all was cut by 25 percent.
However, men having the operations did not enjoy the same benefits.
A high body mass index is known to raise cancer risks, but a team from Utah University in the US wanted to know whether weight-loss surgery would affect the prognosis.
They matched nearly 22,000 bariatric surgery patients with equal numbers who were severely obese but did not have an operation.
The scientists found women who had operations – including sleeve gastrectomy or duodenal switch procedures – had a significant reduction in their risk of uterine, ovarian, colon and breast cancers.
Those females also had 47 percent less chance of dying from all cancers.
Dr Ted Adams said: “This research represents another important study that strongly supports the long-term benefits of weight-loss surgery in the prevention of cancer.”
Dr David Sarwer, of Temple University, Philadelphia, who was not connected with the study, said: “The results add to the literature indicating that the large weight loss seen with bariatric surgery decreases the risk of several types of cancer.
“People with obesity and their health care providers should strongly consider these benefits when discussing the pros and cons of bariatric surgery.”
The study findings appeared in journal Obesity.
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